Priority 3 operators
| + | +x | Unary + operator |
| - | -x | Unary - operator |
| ! | !x | Logical negation operator |
| ++ | ++x | Prefix ++ operator |
| -- | --x | Prefix -- operator |
They are unary prefix operators and have right-associativity.
Table of contents:
Unary + operator
The unary + operator returns a new instance with the same value and same sign as the operand.
The operand must be the int, long, or real class. Otherwise, an exception will be thrown.
int i = 10;
int j = i; // i and j refer to same instance.
int k = +i; // +i returns a new instance. Therefore, i and k refer to different instances.
Unary - operator
The unary - operator returns a new instance with the same value and opposite sign as the operand.
The operand must be the int, long, or real class. Otherwise, an exception will be thrown.
int i = 10;
int j = -i; // j is -10.
If the operand returns the proxy class, the entity of the proxy is automatically used. The result is the same as calling the Entity getter of the proxy class.
int i = 10;
proxy pro = new proxy(i);
int j = -pro; // j is -10.
Logical negation operator
The logical negation operator returns a new instance with inverted value.
The operand must be the bool class. Otherwise, an exception will be thrown.
bool b = true;
bool c = !b; // c is false.
If the operand returns the proxy class, the entity of the proxy is automatically used. The result is the same as calling the Entity getter of the proxy class.
bool b = true;
proxy pro = new proxy(b);
bool b2 = !pro; // b2 is false.
Prefix ++ operator
The prefix ++ operator increments the value of the operand, then returns a new instance with the same value as the operand.
The operand must be the int, long, or real class. Otherwise, an exception will be thrown.
Even if the operand is the maximum value for that class, the prefix ++ operator will not cause an overflow. It will be the minimum value of the class.
int i = 10;
int j = ++i; // j is 11. i is 11.
If the operand returns the proxy class, the entity of the proxy is automatically used. The result is the same as calling the Entity getter of the proxy class.
int i = 10;
proxy pro = new proxy(i);
int j = 10 + ++pro; // j is 21. i is decremented.
Prefix -- operator
The prefix -- operator decrements the value of the operand by 1 and then returns a new instance with the same value as the operand.
The operand must be the int, long, or real class. Otherwise, an exception will be thrown.
Even if the operand is the minimum value for that class, the prefix -- operator will not cause an overflow. It will be the maximum value of the class.
int i = 10;
int j = --i; // j is 9. i is 9.
If the operand returns the proxy class, the entity of the proxy is automatically used. The result is the same as calling the Entity getter of the proxy class.
int i = 10;
proxy pro = new proxy(i);
int j = 10 + --pro; // j is 19. i is decremented.